United States — Ekhbary News Agency
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has granted Reflect Orbital authorization to construct, launch, and operate an experimental mirror satellite, Eärendil-1, in low Earth orbit. This decision, made on July 9, permits the satellite to reflect sunlight onto specific nocturnal locations on Earth, a concept that has long ignited heated debate among astronomers and environmental advocates alike. The Santa Monica-based startup's ambitious goal, as detailed by WIRED in September 2024, centers on providing continuous light for solar panel installations, thereby enabling night-time electricity generation and addressing a key limitation of renewable energy.
Controversy and Technical Specifications
Equipped with an 18-meter reflector, Eärendil-1 is designed to illuminate areas approximately 5 to 6 kilometers in diameter for brief periods. The satellite, named after a character from J.R.R. Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings," will deploy at an altitude of about 625 kilometers. Its primary mission involves evaluating the technical feasibility of its ultrathin, highly reflective, film-based reflector. Reflect Orbital expressed gratitude to the FCC, stating the ruling validates their company and underscores American leadership in innovative space technology. This technology, for what it's worth, is touted for diverse applications, including search-and-rescue, emergency infrastructure support, and extending solar facility operational hours.
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Concerns from the Scientific Community
Despite the company's claims of civilian, commercial, and governmental benefits, the project has faced substantial opposition. During the regulatory review, the FCC received nearly 2,000 public comments, many from prominent organizations such as the American Astronomical Society, DarkSky International, and the Royal Astronomical Society. Critics warn of severe impacts on astronomy, nocturnal ecosystems, and aviation safety. Tony Tyson, chief scientist for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, voiced skepticism regarding the satellite's claimed precision, remarking, "Imagine the sky filled with moons." Betty Kioko of the European Southern Observatory called it an "existential threat" to optical astronomy. While the FCC's approval is limited to a single experimental satellite, the prospect of Reflect Orbital's vision of 50,000 satellites by 2035 raises profound questions about the future of our night sky.
